Relational Data Model Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Relational Data Model - Assignment Example The attribute "is leader" should be removed from the table Candidate because this information already exists in the table Party. It is possible to get to know if a Candidate is leader of any party with looking through references to leaders in the table Party. .. First_name Middle_name Last_name address gender date of birth Party Pk_id Fk_leader name address date established Candidate Pk_id Fk_electorate Fk_party First_name Middle_name Last_name address gender date of birth is leader Second normal form (2NF) further addresses the concept of removing duplicative data: Meet all the requirements of the first normal form. Remove subsets of data that apply to multiple rows of a table and place them in separate tables. Create relationships between these new tables and their predecessors through the use of foreign keys. (Chapple 2005) So, personal information, such as name (first, middle, last), address, gender, and date of birth can be taken apart into separate table Person. It also should have a primary key named Pk_id. Then tables Elector and Candidate should reference to it via secondary (foreign) key Fk_person. Therefore there are 5 tables in the relational database schema for the 2NF: Person Pk_id First_name Middle_name Last_name address gender date of birth Electorate Pk_id unique name number of registered voters Elector Pk_id Fk_electorate Fk_party_vote Fk_candidate_vote Fk_person Party Pk_id Fk_leader name address date established Candidate Pk_id Fk_electorate Fk_party Fk_person is leader Third normal form (3NF) goes one large step further: Meet all the requirements of the second normal form. Remove columns that are not dependent upon the primary key. (Chapple 2005) The attribute "is leader" should be removed from the table Candidate because this information already exists in the table Party. It is possible to get to know if a Candidate is leader of any party with looking through references to leaders in the table Party. There's no attributes that are not dependent upon the primary key. Here are

Theory Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Theory Research - Essay Example e research the social organisation theory and previous research that have been undertaken with regard to this theory, theories related to the social disorganisation discussed in this paper include the gang theory, the concentric zone theory, the cultural transmission theory and the differential social organisation concept. The Social disorganisation theory depicts that crime occurs as a result of failure by the society to organise its institutions, Assumptions of the social disorganisation theory on crime are that crime is caused by social factors, individuals in the society are unable to resist temptation and that the social structure in the society is unstable, according to the assumptions when crime occurs people blame the perpetrators and don’t blame on social disorganisation in the society, for this reason therefore it is almost impossible to identify the causes of crime. Robert Sampton (1997) developed the collective efficacy and social capital concepts, according to him collective efficacy referred to the maintenance of order in the society while social capital referred to the informal networks ties that exist in a society. He stated that a society must first achieve social capital in order to achieve collective efficacy, for this reason therefore he supported the social disorganisation theory by stating that modern societies lack social capital and therefore has not achieved social efficacy and this explains the existence of crime. The gang theory is also another theory that explains social disorganisation in the society. In this theory the various characteristics of gang behaviour include solidarity, shared traditions and cooperation. The theory depicts that gang’s start as groups and collected in certain areas of a society especially area between developed areas, for this reason the presence of gangs can explain the existence of high crime rates in certain regions. The concentric zone theory also explain the existence of crime due to social

Othello :: essays research papers fc

Emotional Destruction The tragedy Othello, was written in a time of great racial tensions in England. According to Eldred Jones, in 1600 just three years before Othello was written, Queen Elizabeth proclaimed an order for the transportation of all "negars and blackmoores" out of the country . It is in this manner that Shakespeare began the masterpiece of Othello, a drama about a noble black Arab general, Othello, who falls in love with and marries, Desdemona, a young white daughter of a senator. In the tragedy not only is Othello susceptible to weaknesses but so is every major character . The tragedy reminds humans that even one’s good nature can be taken advantage of for the worse. In Shakespeare’s Othello, characters are strongly affected by their influential emotions of love, jealousy, and hate which ultimately lead to chaos and tragedy in the end. All the relationships in the play demonstrate the vulnerability involved with love. Each of the relationships in Othello portrays insecurities in each person, except Iago. In fact, all of the relationships with one character, Iago, are focused around him and his devilish plot for the demise of Othello. However, most of the relationships in Othello bring about unintentional frustrations and vulnerabilities. The marriages in Othello are the most important relationships involving vulnerability because they bring out the best hopes and attitudes, and the worst fears and emotions in each character. Shakespeare, in designing Othello’s marriage to Desdemona, shows that although one can truly love a person, the need for human control can destroy any relationship causing heartbreak. From the very beginning, Othello faces a dilemma of vulnerability because of his marriage. In his essay, Eldred Jones has concluded with this by stating that Othello made himself available to public criticism and assaults on his character by marrying a young white girl. Furthermore, the couple’s constant struggle over power and control makes them susceptible to destruction of their happiness. Othello seeks complete control over his wife, Desdemona: â€Å"O curse of marriage. That we can call these delicate creatures ours, And not their appetites! I had rather be a toad And live upon the vapour of a dungeon. Then keep a corner in the thing I love†(61). Othello is clearly showing that he sees Desdemona’s love, faithfulness and submissions as criteria for his manhood. His feelings demonstrate how vulnerable people can become in putting their self-value in another person. Shakespeare, in developing the power struggle of Othello’s marriage, reminds the audience that to control a person fully only brings about turmoil. Love is the most powerful emotion and ironically the emotion that leads to the most

Aseptic Technique Essay

Aseptic technique is employed to maximize and maintain asepsis, the absence of pathogenic organisms, in the clinical setting. The goals of aseptic technique are to protect the patient from infection and to prevent the spread of pathogens. Often, practices that clean (remove dirt and other impurities), sanitize (reduce the number of microorganisms to safe levels), or disinfect (remove most microorganisms but not highly resistant ones) are not sufficient to prevent infection. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that over 27 million surgical procedures are performed in the United States each year. Surgical site infections are the third most common nosocomial (hospital-acquired) infection and are responsible for longer hospital stays and increased costs to the patient and hospital. Aseptic technique is vital in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with surgical infections. Description Aseptic technique can be applied in any clinical setting. Pathogens may introduce infection to the patient through contact with the environment, personnel, or equipment. All patients are potentially vulnerable to infection, although certain situations further increase vulnerability, such as extensive burns or immune disorders that disturb the body’s natural defenses. Typical situations that call for aseptic measures include surgery and the insertion of intravenous lines, urinary catheters, and drains. Asepsis in the operating room Aseptic technique is most strictly applied in the operating room because of the direct and often extensive disruption of skin and underlying tissue. Aseptic technique helps to prevent or minimize postoperative infection. The most common source of pathogens that cause surgical site infections is the patient. While microorganisms normally colonize parts in or on the human body without causing disease, infection may result when this endogenous flora is introduced to tissues exposed during surgical procedures. In order to reduce this risk, the patient is prepared or prepped by shaving hair from the surgical site; cleansing with a disinfectant containing such chemicals as iodine, alcohol, or chlorhexidine gluconate; and applying sterile drapes around the surgical site. In all clinical settings, handwashing is an important step in asepsis. The â€Å"2002 Standards, Recommended Practices, and Guidelines† of the Association of Perioperative Registered Nurses (AORN) states that proper handwashing can be â€Å"the single most important measure to reduce the spread of microorganisms.† In general settings, hands are to be washed when visibly soiled, before and after contact with the patient, after contact with other potential sources of microorganisms, before invasive procedures, and after removal of gloves. Proper handwashing for most clinical settings involves removal of jewelry, avoidance of clothing contact with the sink, and a minimum of 10–15 seconds of hand scrubbing with soap, warm water, and vigorous friction. A surgical scrub is performed by members of the surgical team who will come into contact with the sterile field or sterile instruments and equipment. This procedure requires use of a long-acting, powerful, antimicrobial soap on the hands and forearms for a longer period of time than used for typical handwashing. Institutional policy usually designates an acceptable minimum length of time required; the CDC recommends at least two to five minutes of scrubbing. Thorough drying is essential, as moist surfaces invite the presence of pathogens. Contact with the faucet or other potential contaminants should be avoided. The faucet can be turned off with a dry paper towel, or, in many cases, through use of a foot pedal. An important principle of aseptic technique is that fluid (a potential mode of pathogen transmission) flows in the direction of gravity. With this in mind, hands are held below elbows during the surgical scrub and above elbows following the surgical scrub. Despite this careful scrub, bare hands are always considered potential sources of infection. Sterile surgical clothing or protective devices such as gloves, face masks, goggles, and transparent eye/face shields serve as barriers against microorganisms and are donned to maintain asepsis in the operating room. This practice includes covering facial hair, tucking hair out of sight, and removing jewelry or other dangling objects that may harbor unwanted organisms. This garb must be put on with deliberate care to avoid touching external, sterile surfaces with nonsterile objects including the skin. This ensures that potentially contaminated items such as hands and clothing remain behind protective barriers, thus prohibiting inadvertent entry of microorganisms into sterile areas. Personnel assist the surgeon to don gloves and garb and arrange equipment to minimize the risk of contamination. Donning sterile gloves requires specific technique so that the outer glove is not touched by the hand. A large cuff exposing the inner glove is created so that the glove may be grasped during donning. It is essential to avoid touching nonsterile items once sterile gloves are applied; the hands may be kept interlaced to avoid inadvertent contamination. Any break in the glove or touching the glove to a nonsterile surface requires immediate removal and application of new gloves. Asepsis in the operating room or for other invasive procedures is also maintained by creating sterile surgical fields with drapes. Sterile drapes are sterilized linens placed on the patient or around the field to delineate sterile areas. Drapes or wrapped kits of equipment are opened in such a way that the contents do not touch non-sterile items or surfaces. Aspects of this method include opening the furthest areas of a package first, avoiding leaning over the contents, and preventing opened flaps from falling back onto contents. Equipment and supplies also need careful attention. Medical equipment such as surgical instruments can be sterilized by chemical treatment, radiation, gas, or heat. Personnel can take steps to ensure sterility by assessing that sterile packages are dry and intact and checking sterility indicators such as dates or colored tape that changes color when sterile. In the operating room, staff have assignments so that those who have undergone surgical scrub and donning of sterile garb are positioned closer to the patient. Only scrubbed personnel are allowed into the sterile field. Arms of scrubbed staff are to remain within the field at all times, and reaching below the level of the patient or turning away from the sterile field are considered breaches in asepsis. Other â€Å"unscrubbed† staff members are assigned to the perimeter and remain on hand to obtain supplies, acquire assistance, and facilitate communication with outside personnel. Unscrubbed personnel may relay equipment to scrubbed personnel only in a way that preserves the sterile field. For example, an unscrubbed nurse may open a package of forceps in a sterile fashion so that he or she never touches the sterilized inside portion, the scrubbed staff, or the sterile field. The uncontaminated item may either be picked up by a scrubbed staff member or carefully placed on to the sterile field. The environment contains potential hazards that may spread pathogens through movement, touch, or proximity. Interventions such as restricting traffic in the operating room, maintaining positive-pressure airflow (to prevent air from contaminated areas from entering the operating room), or using low-particle generating garb help to minimize environmental hazards.

A Brief Note On Environmental Citizenship And The Environment

ENST476 Olyvia Poelvoorde Environmental Citizenship, in my opinion is the belief that one has a general or possibly even a deep connection and caring for the environment. An environmental citizen should be willing to make certain life decisions to decrease their environmental impact. It is important to be aware of what is happening within the environmental community, in order to be an active citizen. Not being aware of certain issues surrounding the environment can make it hard to participate as effectively as a citizen. Some important skills you should possess are gardening and sustainability skills. While you don t have to possess these skills, or do them one-hundred percent of the time, you should be making an effort to make these†¦show more content†¦Sometimes, you have to take a more complicated route to obtain your goals. An environmental citizen should be willing to take the alternative route. Enthusiasm is another very powerful characteristic to have as an environmentalist. Enthusiasm gets p eoples attention, it shows that you are passionate about what your cause is and gets people who aren t involved curious. Having a negative attitude however, can detract from whatever you happen to be supporting. When your attitude is negative it will be difficult to convince others what your doing is important. Therefore, it is detrimental to keep a positive attitude if you want to make a difference. My personal belief about environmental citizenship duties and responsibilities is that if your decision is to be an environmental citizen, you should make every choice thereafter to benefit the environment in some way. I believe that it is the environmental citizens responsibility to stay connected to the community. These decisions don t have to be big life changing ones, they could be as simple as re-using a plastic bag instead of getting a new one or recycling. However, you are responsible for making these changes to your life. Seeing someone passionate about the idea of recycling or re-purposing items, makes others curious or more willing to participate. For example, if someone is enthusiastic about a certain program or organization more people are willing to attend and

Compare And Contrast Emily Dickinson And Much Madness Is...

The Sorrows She Wrote During the 1800, when death was very prevalent and the most talked about topic on the planet, considering all the literal hundreds of plagues and harsh famines that threatened the population on each continent, a writer emerged with a vivid idea and perception of the insane world that she lived in and the loss that she faced in her life. That writer was none other than Emily Dickinson, the lovely Belle of Amherst who was essentially a recluse who wrote of the sorrows that precede after subjection to social ostracism and the pain that it evokes. She strategically manipulated her words and diction to evoke a strong passion about her craft and her life overall during her time. She wrote of things like the great tragedies†¦show more content†¦For example, in â€Å"After great pain†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Dickinson says, in the second stanza exactly how life feels as it continues for the mourner: The Feet, mechanical, go round -- Of Ground, or Air, or Ought -- A Wooden way Regardless grown, A Quartz contentment, like a stone – She describes their movement as aimless, and careless because of their lack of motivation to struggle on, seeing life as â€Å"ought† or nothing compared to what it once was before the loss. The reader can imagine being in the position of the sufferer; very stagnant, and lifeless almost like a corpse which is what makes this form of diction so evoking. Dickinson’s â€Å"After great pain, a formal feeling comes† is a short poem about the struggles and hard transition of getting over the heartbreaking feelings that come after a great tragedy in one’s life such as losing someone; a friend, a lover etcetera. In a sense, this poem is very general, yet it cannot be applied to just any situation. It is general in the sense that those who have gone through such feelings of pain and lose know exactly what kind of â€Å"numbness† and hollow that Dickinson writes about; the feeling of not wanting or caring about what life has to offer anymore for a time once t he â€Å"great pain† has first occurred and how hard it becomes to continue daily tasks, activities and routines. This poem is specifically about confronting the pain and making sense of it, and understanding that a great pain is a veryShow MoreRelatedAp Literature Open Response Questions3435 Words   |  14 Pagesthat symbol functions in the work and what it reveals about the characters or themes of the work as a whole. Do not merely summarize the plot. 2008: In a literary work, a minor character, often known as a foil, possesses traits that emphasize, by contrast or comparison, the distinctive characteristics and qualities of the main character. For example, the ideas or behavior of the minor character might be used to highlight the weaknesses or strengths of the main character. Choose a novel or play inRead MoreAp English Open Ended Questions For Exa5390 Words   |  22 Pagesfollowing plan: 1) Compare the hero as we see him in an early scene with the hero as we see him in a scene near the end of the novel. 2) Describe the techniques that the author uses to reveal the new understanding and awareness that the hero has achieved. 1966: An individual s struggle toward understanding and awareness is the traditional subject for the novelist. In an essay, apply this statement to one novel of literary merit. Organize your essay according to the following plan: 1) Compare the hero as

Global Warming causes, effects and remedies - 1301 Words

Global warming is the greatest challenge facing our planet. It is, in fact, the increase in the temperature of the earth’s neon- surface air. It is one of the most current and widely discussed factors. It has far-reaching impact on biodiversity and climatic conditions of the planet. Several current trends clearly demonstrate that global warming is directly impacting on rising sea levels, the melting of ice caps and significant worldwide climate changes. In short, global warming represents a fundamental threat to all living things on earth. Global average temperature rose significantly during the past century. The prevailing scientific view is that most of the temperature increases since mid-20th century has been caused by increases in†¦show more content†¦As per the latest survey report the rate of melting of glaciers has seen sharp increase in recent times. Even those glaciers are affected from global warming which have been considered permanent. The shrinking of glaciers is going to pose a major problem of drinking water. The sea levels as a result of melting of glaciers have risen from 0.35 mm to 0.4 mm. Scientists have warned in their reports that most of the glaciers will disappear within a period of 15 to 25 years. It will create problems of drinking water and food grains in most of the North American countries. India is not unaffected from it. The Himalayan glaciers have shrunk about 30 per cent after 1970. The rise in sea levels is a major cause of concern. A large number of cities located in coastal areas will submerge in the sea. Besides, many island countries will ultimately â€Å"lose their existence and will be washed away from the surface of the earth. The damage of rising sea levels is diverse. Buildings and roads close to the water could be flooded and they could suffer damage from hurricanes and tropical storms. Experts believe that global warming could increase the intensity of hurricanes by over 50 per cent. In addition, as the sea rises, beach erosion takes place, particularly on steep banks. Wetlands are lost as the level rises. Rise in atmospheric temperature will lead to the outbreak of air ¬borne and water-borne diseases. It would also contribute toShow MoreRelatedGlobal Warming : Causes, Effects And Remedies1748 Words   |  7 PagesDisclaimer Privacy Policy Contact Us 1309 Words Essay on Global Warming: Causes, Effects and Remedies by Vishal Global warming is the greatest challenge facing our planet. It is, in fact, the increase in the temperature of the earth’s neon- surface air. It is one of the most current and widely discussed factors. It has far-reaching impact on biodiversity and climatic conditions of the planet. Several current trends clearly demonstrate that global warming is directly impacting on rising sea levels, theRead MoreCsr Activities Influencing The Environment Change879 Words   |  4 PagesGlobalization and economic liberalization. This is how the CSR developed. 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IfRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects1642 Words   |  7 PagesNavleen Kaur Kara-lee MacDonald English 100 June 10, 2015 Assignment # 5: Final research paper Global Warming: Global Warming is not a conqueror to kneel before- but a challenge to rise to. A challenge we must rise to. -Joe Lieberman The term Global warming is now commonly used to refer to the recent reported increase in the mean surface temperature of the earth; this increase being attributed to increasing human activity and in particular to the increased concentration of greenhouseRead MoreProject Proposal: Effects of Climate Change1322 Words   |  6 PagesProject Proposal: Effects of Climate Change The final research paper generated from the Project Proposal: Effects of Climate Change will discuss the question, what Americans can do to reduce climate change health effects? Various research publications by credible sources advise, global warming climate change has an affect on human health. Climate change and the impact on human health can be connected through direct or indirect variables. The Importance I feel as though if we start at a youngRead MoreAnalyzing Anthropocentrism Ethic : A Case Study Of Climate Change1209 Words   |  5 PagesTopic: analyzing anthropocentrism ethic: a case study of climate change Climate change is one of the most serious phenomenon in environment issue. As in scientist, the excess production and emission of greenhouse gases are the main cause, and the hidden executor is us, the human beings (Cook, 2010). This essay is based on the reading of â€Å"Myth as a Site of Ecocritical Inquiry: Disrupting Anthropocentrism†, but further analyze on the relationship between human and nature and critical thinking of anthropocentrismRead MoreThe Comback of Global Warming733 Words   |  3 PagesThe Comeback of Global Warming (Global Warming vs. the environmental â€Å"solutions†) Who could turn or live back 50 decades ago without technologic advances, mass media invention and the most important pure air? Sometimes I spend time with my grandmother who lives in the interior of the island of Puerto Rico and I enjoy what she tells me her stories about her youth and the environment where she was surrounded. Suddenly she expresses me how she misses living in those times, when she used to go to